1、“丝绸之路经济带”西北五省乡村旅游模范村空间分异及影响因素
【作者】王松茂,何昭丽,郭英之
【Author】WANG Songmao, HE Zhaoli, GUO Yingzhi;Fudan university business administration postdoctoral mobile station; College of Economics & Management, Shandong Agricultural University; Nanjing University of Finance and Economics School of Business Administration; Fudan university tourism department;
【机构】复旦大学工商管理博士后流动站;yl8cc永利官网yl8cc永利官网;南京财经大学工商管理学院;复旦大学旅游学系;
【摘要】以西北五省156个乡村旅游模范村为研究样本,运用最邻近指数、核密度估计值、空间自相关等空间分析方法,研究西北五省乡村旅游模范村的空间分异特征及影响因素。结果表明:①西北五省乡村旅游模范村空间分异最邻近指数R=0.627,泰森多边形检验的变异系数为142.30%,符合凝聚分布模式。②西北五省乡村旅游模范村空间分异全局莫兰指数为0.125,存在显著的空间正相关。③西北五省乡村旅游模范村的高密度集聚区主要集中于三个分布区:宁夏回族自治区乡村旅游模范村分布区;陕西省中南部乡村旅游模范村分布区;青海省东部与甘肃省交界处乡村旅游模范村分布区。④西北五省乡村旅游模范村空间分异特征受到交通区位、湖泊水系、客源市场影响较大,呈现出“沿路”、“环湖”、“绕城”等空间分异格局。文章最后根据分析结论提出相应的政策建议。
【关键词】丝绸之路经济带;乡村旅游模范村;旅游扶贫;湖泊水系;历史文化遗产;乡村振兴战略;西部民俗风情文化;
【基金】国家自然科学基金项目(41661110);新疆自治区自然基金面上项目(2016D01C047);中国博士后面上基金项目(2018M632028);山东省“双一流”奖补资金(SYL2017XTTD08);
【所属期刊】经济地理,2019,4.
2、生猪养殖规模化程度的影响因素及其空间效应——基于13个生猪养殖优势省份的研究
【作者】张圆圆,吴强,孙世民
【Author】ZHANG Yuanyuan, WU Qiang, SUN Shimin; College of Economics & Management, Shandong Agricultural University;
【机构】yl8cc永利官网yl8cc永利官网;
【摘要】基于2007~2015年的相关统计数据,本文首先利用生猪规模养殖指数分析了13个生猪养殖优势省份的生猪规模养殖发展状况及其省际差异,然后通过建立空间杜宾模型分析了生猪养殖规模化程度的影响因素及其空间效应。研究结果表明:第一,生猪规模养殖整体上呈现向华北地区和东北地区富集的基本趋势,但目前生猪养殖规模化程度仍较低;第二,农民文化程度越高,城镇化水平越低,工资性收入比例越高,猪肉消费能力越大,猪肉价格指数越低,交通通达性越好,生猪出栏能力越大,环境规制强度越大,省域的生猪养殖规模化程度会越高;第三,由于土地承载力、城镇化水平、工资性收入比例、消费市场潜力、猪肉消费能力、交通通达性、农民固定资产投资能力、环境规制强度这 8 个影响因素产生了外溢效应,生猪养殖规模化程度的提升存在空间依赖性。因此,发展生猪规模养殖需充分考虑空间相关性和外溢性,既要提高工资性收入比例、消费市场潜力和猪肉消费能力,改善交通通达性,增强农民固定资产投资能力,提高环境规制强度,同时也要考虑土地承载力和城镇化水平的抑制作用。
【关键词】生猪;规模养殖;省际差异;空间效应;
【基金】山东省社会科学规划项目“山东畜禽养殖场户清洁生产行为演进机制及优化策略研究”(编号:18DGLJ08);
国家社会科学基金项目“基于供应链的畜产品质量控制策略研究”(编号:15BGL136)的阶段性研究成果;
【所属期刊】中国农村经济,2019,1.
3、Ergonomic and efficiency analysis of conventional apple harvest process
【作者】Zhao Zhang1, Yuanjie Wang2, Zhaohua Zhang3*, Dapeng Li4
【机构】1. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA; 2. Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, China; 4. Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China;
【摘要】Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets. Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries (e.g., back, neck, and shoulder strains), there has been little research that focuses on identifying the awkward activities/postures of pickers during the harvest process. After categorizing apple harvest work into 12 activities, this study used the method of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to identify awkward postures/activities that occurred during apple harvest. Awkward activities confirmed include descending a ladder, dumping apples, picking high and low apples on a ladder as well as on the ground, and moving a ladder, with potential reasons for each awkward activity provided. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated that pickers spent approximately 64% of working time under awkward postures that would lead to occupational diseases. In addition, this study analyzed picker harvest efficiency in terms of general and detail manners. The general mode assessed harvest activity in terms of picking and non-picking, with results showing that pickers averagely spent 76% (±7%) of harvest time in picking apples. Further analysis evaluated picking activities in terms of reaching to, detaching, and transporting apples, with results showing that pickers spent averagely 30% (±6%) of time in detaching apples, which is the value time during apple harvest. Furthermore, valuable picking time ratio was obtained as the multiplication of picking time ratio and detaching time ratio. With a valuable ratio of 22% (±5%), it theoretically demonstrated the low harvest efficiency of the traditional harvest method. Since a majority of the awkward activities and the low efficiency were because of the ladders/buckets, using a harvest-assist unit may be a potential solution. Additionally, more efforts should be spent on the development of innovative mechanism to replace worker in placing attached apples to the bucket. Once the time for transporting apples is eliminated, the time for reaching to apples is also removed, indicating the harvest efficiency would be improved significantly.
【关键词】Rapid upper limb assessment;Awkward postures;Apple harvest;Safety;Ergonomic analysis;Harvest efficiency analysis
【所属期刊】International Journal of Agricultural& Biological Engineering, 2019, 12(2).
4、国际农业面源污染研究演进与前沿——基于CiteSpace的量化分析
【作者】曹文杰赵瑞莹
【Author】CAO Wenjie, ZHAO Ruiying; College of Economics & Management, Shandong Agricultural University; Shandong University of Finance and Economics School of Public Administration;
【机构】yl8cc永利官网yl8cc永利官网;山东财经大学公共管理学院;
【摘要】文中借助文献计量分析软件CiteSpace,基于Web of Science数据库核心数据合集,对国际农业面源污染研究的主题演进及前沿进行可视化分析。研究发现:国际农业面源污染研究聚类主题众多且各主题形成时间各异持续时间不一,主题间连线表明其螺旋式动态演进过程。在知识溢出的推动下,农业面源污染研究呈现出较强的波段特征,先后经历了概念化阶段、以污染因素分析及污染物迁移机理为特征的细化研究及研究工具建设阶段、以计算机模型模拟为主的工具研究丰富阶段以及当前以治理为主题的研究扩张阶段。目前仍然活跃的聚类主题包括水质管理政策、模型模拟技术的适用与拓展及最佳管理实践。聚类发展趋势表明,水质政策响应滞后时间量化、生态网络分析、最佳管理实践的适用性及成本效益等是当前的前沿研究领域。高突现关键字“系统”、“政策”、“水质量”等预示着当前研究热点指向系统研究及污染治理政策研究。
【关键词】农业面源污染;研究综述;CiteSpace;WOS数据库;
【基金】国家社会科学基金项目(14CGL043)资助;
【所属期刊】干旱区资源与环境,2019,7.
5、新一轮农地确权对农地流转数量与质量的影响研究——基于中国农村家庭追踪调查(CRHPS)数据
【作者】朱建军,杨兴龙
【Author】ZHU Jianjun, YANG Xinglong; College of Economics & Management, Shandong Agricultural University; Jilin Agricultural University School of Economics and Management;
【机构】yl8cc永利官网yl8cc永利官网;吉林农业大学yl8cc永利官网;
【摘要】本文利用2015年中国农村家庭追踪调查(CRHPS)数据系统分析新一轮农地确权对农地流转数量和质量的影响。研究发现,新一轮农地确权促进农地流转数量的增加,使农户参与农地转出的概率平均提高6. 36%,同时使农户农地转出面积增加0. 538亩;在农地流转质量上,新一轮农地确权促使农户将农地有偿流转给非本村或新型农业生产经营主体,促进农地流转的市场化,但确权并未促进农地流转期限的长期化。因此,应继续推进新一轮农地确权,做好收尾工作,同时进一步完善农地流转相关配套措施,为有效发挥农地确权效果提供条件。
【关键词】农地确权;农地流转;数量;质量;
【基金】教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(编号:17YJC790213);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(编号:16YJA790057);山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(编号:ZR2016GQ10);山东省高校人文社科研究计划项目(编号:J16WF64);
【所属期刊】农业技术经济,2019,3.
6、家庭农场经营效率及其差异分析——基于山东234个示范家庭农场的调查
【作者】李绍亭,周霞,周玉玺
【Author】LI Shaoting, ZHOU Xia, ZHOU Yuxi; College of Economics & Management, Shandong Agricultural University;
【机构】yl8cc永利官网yl8cc永利官网;
【摘要】[目的]文章通过对山东省家庭农场经营效率的实证分析,旨在厘清技术、规模对农场经营效率的促进作用,通过比较分析找出各类型家庭农场短板,针对性地提出政策建议。[方法]以山东234个家庭农场数据为例,运用DEA模型对家庭农场全样本及纯种植、种养结合、种植兼休闲、种养兼休闲4类家庭农场的经营效率进行了测算和分解。[结果]首先,家庭农场综合技术效率仅为0. 170,纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0. 235和0. 786,规模效率相对充分纯技术效率不足是经营效率较低的主要原因;其次,种养结合类农场发展势头较好,纯种植类家庭农场发展滞后且综合技术效率和纯技术效率最低,种养兼休闲类农场的规模效率最低。[结论]4 类农场差异明显,应降低生产技术使用门槛,引导农场主参加职业教育,提升纯种植类农场纯技术效率,同时出台相关政策,实现土地流转的降费提效,改善种养兼休闲类农场规模效率。
【关键词】家庭农场;经营效率;DEA模型;规模效率;纯技术效率;
【基金】山东省社科规划项目“山东省农业供给侧结构性改革驱动机制研究”(17CZKJ11);山东省驴产业项目“山东省驴产业体系产业经济岗位”(SDAIT-27);
【所属期刊】中国农业资源与区划,2019,6.